Geo-Sheet: Interactive GeoGebra-integrated learning material to enhance students’ creative mathematical reasoning in analytic geometry
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Abstract
In analytic geometry instruction, students’ reasoning often remains procedural, limiting opportunities to develop Creative Mathematical Reasoning (CMR). CMR refers to the ability to construct reasoning that is novel to the learner, justified as plausible, and grounded in intrinsic mathematical properties. This study aimed to design and evaluate Geo-Sheet, a GeoGebra-integrated interactive learning material intended to support students’ CMR in analytic geometry. The research involved 30 undergraduate students enrolled in an Analytic Geometry course in a Mathematics Education program at a private university in East Java, Indonesia. An Educational Design Research (EDR) approach was employed, consisting of preliminary and formative evaluation phases (self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field testing). Geo-Sheet was assessed in terms of validity, practicality, and potential effect. Expert judgment indicated high validity (Aiken’s V = 0.82), and student questionnaires showed high perceived practicality (70% in the high category). Pre- and post-test results, supported by observations and interviews, revealed improvements across CMR indicators. These findings suggest that systematically designed GeoGebra-based materials that integrate dynamic visualization and guided exploration have the potential to create productive learning conditions for the development of higher-order mathematical reasoning.
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Masfingatin, T., Krisdiana, I., & Setyansah, R. K. (2026). Geo-Sheet: Interactive GeoGebra-integrated learning material to enhance students’ creative mathematical reasoning in analytic geometry. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 11(1), 95-119. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol11no1.2026pp95-119
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References
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Aulia, E. T., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2022). Developing interactive e-module based on realistic mathematics education approach and mathematical literacy ability. Jurnal Elemen, 8(1), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v8i1.4569
Azwar, S. (2010). Metode penelitian. Pustaka Pelajar.
Casey, L., & Hallissy, M. (2014). Live Learning: Online Teaching, Digital Literacy and the Practice of Inquiry. Irish Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 1(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.22554/ijtel.v1i1.4
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Haji, S., & Yumiati. (2019). NCTM’s Principles and Standards for Developing Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics. Journal of Research in Mathematics Trends and Technology, 1(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.32734/jormtt.v1i2.2836
Hamidah, D., Susiswo, Susanto, H., Hakim, Z. A., & Osman, S. (2025). Exploring the Mathematical Reasoning Skills Across Different Levels of Prospective Mathematics Teachers: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. Mathematics Education Journal, 19(2), 389–412. https://doi.org/10.22342/mej.v19i2.pp389-412
Haryani, F., & Hamidah, A. S. (2022). Exploring the Impact of Technology-Integrated Mathematics Worksheet in the Teaching and Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 14(3), 39–59. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1361559
Hidayat, D., Palupi, E. L. W., Susanah, S., Setianingsih, R., & Sancoko, C. (2024). Developing a GeoGebra-Assisted Web-Based Learning Module for Analytical Geometry in a STEM Context. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (Kudus), 7(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.21043/jpmk.v7i1.27536
Hidayat, W. (2017). Adversity Quotient Dan Penalaran Kreatif Matematis Siswa SMA dalam Pembelajaran Argument Driven Inquiry Pada Materi Turunan Fungsi. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol2no1.2017pp15-28
Hidayat, W., Rohaeti, E. E., Ginanjar, A., & Putri, R. I. I. (2022). An ePub learning module and students’ mathematical reasoning ability: A development study. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp103-118
Hidayat, W., Wahyudin, & Prabawanto, S. (2018). Improving students’ creative mathematical reasoning ability students through adversity quotient and argument driven inquiry learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 948, 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/948/1/012005
Jablonski, S., & Ludwig, M. (2023). Teaching and Learning of Geometry—A Literature Review on Current Developments in Theory and Practice. Education Sciences, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070682
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Jonsson, B., Mossegård, J., Lithner, J., & Karlsson Wirebring, L. (2022). Creative Mathematical Reasoning: Does Need for Cognition Matter? Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797807
Khalil, M., Khalil, U., & Ul Haq, Z. (2019). Geogebra as a Scaffolding Tool for Exploring Analytic Geometry Structure and Developing Mathematical Thinking of Diverse Achievers. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/5746
Listiani, T., Sugiman, Saragih, M. J., & Chong, S. T. (2024). The Use of GeoGebra in Teaching Analytical Geometry. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 05(03), 652–660. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2024.v05i03.0790
Lithner, J. (2008). A research framework for creative and imitative reasoning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 67(3), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-007-9104-2
Lithner, J. (2017). Principles for designing mathematical tasks that enhance imitative and creative reasoning. ZDM, 49(6), 937–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-017-0867-3
Marsitin, R., Sa’dijah, C., Susiswo, S., & Chandra, T. D. (2022). Creative Mathematical Reasoning Process of Climber Students in Solving Higher Order Thinking Skills Geometry Problems. TEM Journal, 1877–1886. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM114-56
Masfingatin, T., & Murtafiah, W. (2020). Exploring the Creative Mathematical Reasoning of Mathematics Education Student Through Discovery Learning. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(2), 296–305. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i2.2714
McJames, N., Parnell, A., & O’Shea, A. (2023, July 8). Investigating the Effect of Creative Mathematical Reasoning Tasks on Student Achievement: A Causal Inference Machine Learning Approach. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/zbr6g
Mertasari, N. M. S., & Candiasa, I. M. (2022). Formative Evaluation of Digital Learning Materials. Journal of Education Technology, 6(3), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v6i3.44165
Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. (2007). Interactive Multimodal Learning Environments: Special Issue on Interactive Learning Environments: Contemporary Issues and Trends. Educational Psychology Review, 19(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-007-9047-2
Nieveen, N. (1999). Prototyping to Reach Product Quality. In J. Van Den Akker, R. M. Branch, K. Gustafson, N. Nieveen, & T. Plomp (Eds.), Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training (pp. 125–135). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4255-7_10
Nuryadi, N., Fithriadhy, A., Setiana, D. S., Tigara, Z. A., & Wulanningtyas, M. E. (2020). The Effectiveness of Learning Circle Assisted by Geogebra Software Reviewed from Creative Thinking and Visual Thinking Ability of Junior High School Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(12B), 8488–8494. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082658
OECD, O. (2023, December 4). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II) - Country Notes: Indonesia. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/indonesia_c2e1ae0e-en.html
Olsson, J., & Granberg, C. (2024). Teacher-student interaction supporting students’ creative mathematical reasoning during problem solving using Scratch. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 26(3), 278–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/10986065.2022.2105567
Olsson, J., Larsson, M., Granberg, C., Persberg, A.-S., Salomonsson, L., & D’Arcy, D. (2024). Designing teaching for creative mathematical reasoning combined with retrieval practice. Mediating Mathematics: Proceedings of MADIF 14., 25–35.
Palengka, I., Juniati, D., & Abadi. (2019). Creative Mathematical Reasoning of Prospective Teachers in Solving Problems Reviewed Based on Working Memory Capacity. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1417(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1417/1/012055
Pertiwi, S., Mailizar, M., & Elizar, E. (2023). Validity of Guided Inquiry-Based Learning Instrument with Geogebra Applets for Teaching Circles. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol8no1.2023pp63-76
Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. (2013). Educational Design Research. SLO • Netherlands institute for curriculum development.
Purwitaningrum, R., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2021). Developing instructional materials on mathematics logical thinking through the Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach. International Journal of Education and Learning, 3(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijele.v3i1.178
Rahmah, H., Turmudi, T., Herman, T., & Suhendra, S. (2024). How Are Students’ Creative Reasoning Abilities in Solving Straight-Line Equation Problems? Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol9no1.2024pp65-82
Retnawati, H. (2016). Validitas Reliabilitas & Karakteristik Butir: (Panduan untuk Peneliti, Mahasiswa, dan Psikometrian). Parama Publishing.
Selvy, Y., Ikhsan, M., Johar, R., & Saminan. (2020). Improving students’ mathematical creative thinking and motivation through GeoGebra assisted problem based learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1460(1), 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012004
Shadaan, P., & Kwan Eu, L. (2013). Effectiveness of Using Geogebra on Students’ Understanding in Learning Circles. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 1(4), 1–11. https://mojet.net/index.php/mojet/article/view/21
Sunzuma, G. (2023). Technology integration in geometry teaching and learning: A systematic review (2010–2022). LUMAT: International Journal on Math, Science and Technology Education, 11(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.11.3.1938
Tessmer, M. (1993). Planning and Conducting Formative Evaluations: Improving the Quality of Education and Training. Psychology Press.
Vale, C., Bragg, L. A., Widjaja, W., Herbert, S., & Loong, E. Y.-K. (2017). Children’s Mathematical Reasoning: Opportunities for Developing Understanding and Creative Thinking. Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 22(1), 3–8. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.735199590694733
Yildiz, A., Baltaci, S., & Küçük Demir, B. (2017). Reflection on the Analytic Geometry Courses: The GeoGebra Software and its Effect on Creative Thinking. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(4), 620–630. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050411
Yohannes, A., & Chen, H.-L. (2021). GeoGebra in mathematics education: A systematic review of journal articles published from 2010 to 2020. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(9), 5682–5697. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.2016861
Zutaah, P., Ondigi, S. R., & Miheso-O’Connor, M. K. (2023). Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception of the Use of Geogebra in Teaching and Learning Geometry in the Colleges of Education, Ghana. JOHME: Journal of Holistic Mathematics Education, 7(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.19166/johme.v7i1.6124
Atmaja, I. K. S., Sukendra, I. K., & Widana, I. W. (2021). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Matematika SMA Kelas X Berorientasi HOTS. Widyadari, 22(2), 459–468. https://ojs.mahadewa.ac.id/index.php/widyadari/article/view/1388
Aulia, E. T., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2022). Developing interactive e-module based on realistic mathematics education approach and mathematical literacy ability. Jurnal Elemen, 8(1), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v8i1.4569
Azwar, S. (2010). Metode penelitian. Pustaka Pelajar.
Casey, L., & Hallissy, M. (2014). Live Learning: Online Teaching, Digital Literacy and the Practice of Inquiry. Irish Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 1(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.22554/ijtel.v1i1.4
Granberg, C., & Olsson, J. (2015). ICT-supported problem solving and collaborative creative reasoning: Exploring linear functions using dynamic mathematics software. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 37, 48–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2014.11.001
Haji, S., & Yumiati. (2019). NCTM’s Principles and Standards for Developing Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics. Journal of Research in Mathematics Trends and Technology, 1(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.32734/jormtt.v1i2.2836
Hamidah, D., Susiswo, Susanto, H., Hakim, Z. A., & Osman, S. (2025). Exploring the Mathematical Reasoning Skills Across Different Levels of Prospective Mathematics Teachers: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. Mathematics Education Journal, 19(2), 389–412. https://doi.org/10.22342/mej.v19i2.pp389-412
Haryani, F., & Hamidah, A. S. (2022). Exploring the Impact of Technology-Integrated Mathematics Worksheet in the Teaching and Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 14(3), 39–59. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1361559
Hidayat, D., Palupi, E. L. W., Susanah, S., Setianingsih, R., & Sancoko, C. (2024). Developing a GeoGebra-Assisted Web-Based Learning Module for Analytical Geometry in a STEM Context. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (Kudus), 7(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.21043/jpmk.v7i1.27536
Hidayat, W. (2017). Adversity Quotient Dan Penalaran Kreatif Matematis Siswa SMA dalam Pembelajaran Argument Driven Inquiry Pada Materi Turunan Fungsi. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol2no1.2017pp15-28
Hidayat, W., Rohaeti, E. E., Ginanjar, A., & Putri, R. I. I. (2022). An ePub learning module and students’ mathematical reasoning ability: A development study. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp103-118
Hidayat, W., Wahyudin, & Prabawanto, S. (2018). Improving students’ creative mathematical reasoning ability students through adversity quotient and argument driven inquiry learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 948, 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/948/1/012005
Jablonski, S., & Ludwig, M. (2023). Teaching and Learning of Geometry—A Literature Review on Current Developments in Theory and Practice. Education Sciences, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070682
Jonsson, B., Granberg, C., & Lithner, J. (2020). Gaining Mathematical Understanding: The Effects of Creative Mathematical Reasoning and Cognitive Proficiency. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 574366. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574366
Jonsson, B., Mossegård, J., Lithner, J., & Karlsson Wirebring, L. (2022). Creative Mathematical Reasoning: Does Need for Cognition Matter? Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797807
Khalil, M., Khalil, U., & Ul Haq, Z. (2019). Geogebra as a Scaffolding Tool for Exploring Analytic Geometry Structure and Developing Mathematical Thinking of Diverse Achievers. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/5746
Listiani, T., Sugiman, Saragih, M. J., & Chong, S. T. (2024). The Use of GeoGebra in Teaching Analytical Geometry. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 05(03), 652–660. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2024.v05i03.0790
Lithner, J. (2008). A research framework for creative and imitative reasoning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 67(3), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-007-9104-2
Lithner, J. (2017). Principles for designing mathematical tasks that enhance imitative and creative reasoning. ZDM, 49(6), 937–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-017-0867-3
Marsitin, R., Sa’dijah, C., Susiswo, S., & Chandra, T. D. (2022). Creative Mathematical Reasoning Process of Climber Students in Solving Higher Order Thinking Skills Geometry Problems. TEM Journal, 1877–1886. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM114-56
Masfingatin, T., & Murtafiah, W. (2020). Exploring the Creative Mathematical Reasoning of Mathematics Education Student Through Discovery Learning. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(2), 296–305. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i2.2714
McJames, N., Parnell, A., & O’Shea, A. (2023, July 8). Investigating the Effect of Creative Mathematical Reasoning Tasks on Student Achievement: A Causal Inference Machine Learning Approach. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/zbr6g
Mertasari, N. M. S., & Candiasa, I. M. (2022). Formative Evaluation of Digital Learning Materials. Journal of Education Technology, 6(3), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v6i3.44165
Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. (2007). Interactive Multimodal Learning Environments: Special Issue on Interactive Learning Environments: Contemporary Issues and Trends. Educational Psychology Review, 19(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-007-9047-2
Nieveen, N. (1999). Prototyping to Reach Product Quality. In J. Van Den Akker, R. M. Branch, K. Gustafson, N. Nieveen, & T. Plomp (Eds.), Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training (pp. 125–135). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4255-7_10
Nuryadi, N., Fithriadhy, A., Setiana, D. S., Tigara, Z. A., & Wulanningtyas, M. E. (2020). The Effectiveness of Learning Circle Assisted by Geogebra Software Reviewed from Creative Thinking and Visual Thinking Ability of Junior High School Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(12B), 8488–8494. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082658
OECD, O. (2023, December 4). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II) - Country Notes: Indonesia. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/indonesia_c2e1ae0e-en.html
Olsson, J., & Granberg, C. (2024). Teacher-student interaction supporting students’ creative mathematical reasoning during problem solving using Scratch. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 26(3), 278–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/10986065.2022.2105567
Olsson, J., Larsson, M., Granberg, C., Persberg, A.-S., Salomonsson, L., & D’Arcy, D. (2024). Designing teaching for creative mathematical reasoning combined with retrieval practice. Mediating Mathematics: Proceedings of MADIF 14., 25–35.
Palengka, I., Juniati, D., & Abadi. (2019). Creative Mathematical Reasoning of Prospective Teachers in Solving Problems Reviewed Based on Working Memory Capacity. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1417(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1417/1/012055
Pertiwi, S., Mailizar, M., & Elizar, E. (2023). Validity of Guided Inquiry-Based Learning Instrument with Geogebra Applets for Teaching Circles. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol8no1.2023pp63-76
Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. (2013). Educational Design Research. SLO • Netherlands institute for curriculum development.
Purwitaningrum, R., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2021). Developing instructional materials on mathematics logical thinking through the Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach. International Journal of Education and Learning, 3(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijele.v3i1.178
Rahmah, H., Turmudi, T., Herman, T., & Suhendra, S. (2024). How Are Students’ Creative Reasoning Abilities in Solving Straight-Line Equation Problems? Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol9no1.2024pp65-82
Retnawati, H. (2016). Validitas Reliabilitas & Karakteristik Butir: (Panduan untuk Peneliti, Mahasiswa, dan Psikometrian). Parama Publishing.
Selvy, Y., Ikhsan, M., Johar, R., & Saminan. (2020). Improving students’ mathematical creative thinking and motivation through GeoGebra assisted problem based learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1460(1), 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012004
Shadaan, P., & Kwan Eu, L. (2013). Effectiveness of Using Geogebra on Students’ Understanding in Learning Circles. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 1(4), 1–11. https://mojet.net/index.php/mojet/article/view/21
Sunzuma, G. (2023). Technology integration in geometry teaching and learning: A systematic review (2010–2022). LUMAT: International Journal on Math, Science and Technology Education, 11(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.11.3.1938
Tessmer, M. (1993). Planning and Conducting Formative Evaluations: Improving the Quality of Education and Training. Psychology Press.
Vale, C., Bragg, L. A., Widjaja, W., Herbert, S., & Loong, E. Y.-K. (2017). Children’s Mathematical Reasoning: Opportunities for Developing Understanding and Creative Thinking. Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 22(1), 3–8. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.735199590694733
Yildiz, A., Baltaci, S., & Küçük Demir, B. (2017). Reflection on the Analytic Geometry Courses: The GeoGebra Software and its Effect on Creative Thinking. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(4), 620–630. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050411
Yohannes, A., & Chen, H.-L. (2021). GeoGebra in mathematics education: A systematic review of journal articles published from 2010 to 2020. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(9), 5682–5697. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.2016861
Zutaah, P., Ondigi, S. R., & Miheso-O’Connor, M. K. (2023). Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception of the Use of Geogebra in Teaching and Learning Geometry in the Colleges of Education, Ghana. JOHME: Journal of Holistic Mathematics Education, 7(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.19166/johme.v7i1.6124