MODEL PENGAJARAN DAN PELATIHAN STRATEGI KOGNITIF (MODEL P2SK) YANG MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF
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May 3, 2016
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Abstract
Model pengajaran dan pelatihan strategi kognitif ini menjadi salah satu acuan atau contoh untuk mendesain pembelajaran. Secara praktis, model ini menjadi petunjuk dalam meintegrasikan aspek-aspek berpikir kritis dan kreatif dengan materi pelajaran. Sehingga tujuan pembelajaran untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreatif dapat tercapai sekaligus penguasaan materi pelajaran. Upaya menintegrasikan materi pelajaran dengan aspek-aspek berpikir kritis dan kreatif dalam pembelajaran, diperlukan upaya-upaya yang sistematis, terukur, dan berkelanjutan. Atas dasar inilah model pembelajaran ini dikembangkan. Model pengajaran dan pelatihan strategi kognitif disingkat model P2SK yang mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis terdiri dari beberapa komponen, yaitu: sintaks, sistem sosial, prinsip-prinsip reaksi, sistem pendukung, dan dampak instruksional dan pengiring.
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Buhaerah, B. (2016). MODEL PENGAJARAN DAN PELATIHAN STRATEGI KOGNITIF (MODEL P2SK) YANG MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol1no1.2016pp17-36
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References
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Marcut, I. 2005. Critical thinking Applied to the Methodology of Teaching Mathematic. Vol. 1, pp: 57-66. Educatia Matematica. (Online), (http://depmath.ulbsibiu.ro/educamath/em/vol1nr1/marcut/marcut.pdf), diakses september 2012.
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Nurdin, 2007. Model Pembelajaran Matematika yang Menumbuhkan Kemampuan Metakognitif untuk Menguasai Bahan Ajar. Disertasi. Surabaya. PPS UNESA.
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Paul, R., & Elder, L. 2008. Ideas to Action: Using Critical Thinking to Foster Student Learning and Community Engangement. Journal of Developmental Education. (Online), (https://louisville.edu/ideastoaction/-/files/final-report.pdf), diakses 28 nopember 2012.
Plomp, T. 2013. Educational Design Research. Netherlands: Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development (SLO). (Online), (http://www.fi.uu.nl/publicaties/literatuur/EducationalDesignResearch.pdf), diakses 14 september 2014).
Rantzer A., Christopher, I., & Byrnes, C. (eds.). 2003. Directions in Mathematical Systems Theory and Optimization. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork: Springer. (Online), (http://nozdr.ru/data/media/biblioteka/kolxo3/MMathematics/MOc.pdf), diakses 14 maret 2013.
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Ruggiero, V. R. 2012. Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Ninth Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (On line), (http://www.kwcps.k12.va.us/userfiles/270/Classes/4893/VRRuggieroBeyondFeelings9thedition.pdf). diakses 29 Januari 2015.
Stacey K. 2013. Mathematical Thinking: A Capabilities Approach to What is, How to Measure it, and Research Possibilities. Makala yang disajikan di Konfrensi Pendidikan Matematika ke 5, tanggal 27-30 juli 2013, di Universitas Negeri Malang.
Watson, G. & Glazer, E. M. 2008. Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. United States of America. Pearson Education. (Online), (http://www.talentlens.co.uk/assets/newsandevents/watsonglaseruserguideandtechnicalmanual.pdf), diakses 19 januari 2013.
Williams, L & Dickincon, H. 2012. Can Knowledge Management Enhance Technology Adoption in Healthcare. A Review of the literature. Evidence and Policy. Vol. 6. No. 3. 309332. The Policy Press. (Online), (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK259893), diakses 25 mei 2013.
Arends, R. L. 1997. Classroom Instruction and Management. New York: McGrawHill Book Co.
Bajracharya, I. K., B. 2010. Teaching Mathematics Through ABC Model of Critical Thinking. Mathematics Education Forum. Vol. II, issue 28, year 14, pp: 13-17. Thachal Kathmandu: Mahendra Ratan Campus.
Beagle. 1980. A Darwinian Approach to Pattern Recognition. London: Departement of Mathematics, Polytechnic of North London. (Online), (http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/ucacbbl/ftp/papers/kybernetesforsyth.pdf), diakses 12 maret 2012.
Bell, T. 1978. A New Approach to Quantum Logic. British Journal for Philosophy of Science. Vol. 37, pp: 83-99. (Online), (https://books.google.com/book/ANewApproachtoQuantumLogic), diakses 14 maret 2012.
Berki, E. & Valtanen, J. 2007. Critical and Creative Mathematical Thinking with Practical Problem Solving Skills A New Old Challenge. pp: 265-289. Hershey, PA, USA: Idea Group Publishing. (Online), (http://www.google.com/url?CriticalandCreativeMathematicalThinkingwithPracticalProblemSolvingSkillsANewOldChallenge.pdf), diakses 16 januari 2012.
Campbell, S., R. 2004. Embodied Minds and Dancing Brains: New Opportunities for Research in Mathematics Education. Canada: Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University. (Online), (https://books.google.com/books=campbell+2004+thinking&source=bl&ots=WTaCFcUWuH&sig=Utf83a8AbiIC3tPpzT3Y6M77kZo&hl=id&sa=X&ei=r66nVNf0EMz5auegfgO&ved=0CFkQ6AEwCzgK#v=onepage&q=campbell%202004%20thinking&f=false), diakses 14 juli 2013.
Dickerson & Doerr. 2008. International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of PME 32 and PMENA XXX. Centro de Investigacion the Estudios Avanzados del IPN. San Nicolás de Hidalgo: Universidad Michoacana. (Online), (http://www.pmena.org/proceedings/PMENA203020200820Proceedings20Vol201.pdf), diakses 23 pebruari 2013.
Duron, R., Limbach, B., &Waugh, W. 2006. Critical Thinking Framework. In International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. Vol. 17, no. 2, pp: 160-166. Virgilance: Illinois State University. (Online), (http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/pdf/IJTLHE55.pdf), diakses 6 mei 2011.
Ennis, R. H. 2007. Probable and its equivalents., Reason reclaimed. Newport News, VA: Vale Press. pp: 243-256. (Online), (http://www.criticalthinking.net/articles.html), diakses 14 januari 2012.
Ennis, R. H. 2008. Nationwide Testing of Critical Thinking for Higher Education. Teaching Philosophy. pp: 1-26. Vigilance: University of Illinois UC. (Online), (http://www.criticalthinking.net/NatCTTest111807U.pdf), diakses 27 maret 2012.
Facione P. 2011. Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. pp: 1-28. Millbrae. CA: California Academic Press. (Online), (http://spu.edu/depts/ sciences/grad/documents/CTbyFacione.pdf), diakses 17 maret 2012.
Fisher, A. 2001. Critical Thinking in Introduction. Australia: Cambridge University Press. (Online), (http://www.enopinapervilleaurora.com/CTdefinition.pdf), diakses 14 desember 2011.
Glaser, E. 2001. Advanced School of Education at Teacher’s College. An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking, pp: 1-86.Columbia: Columbia University. (Online), (http://www.worldcat.org/title/experimentinthedevelopmentofcriticalthinking/oclc/35678624), diakses 24 pebruari 2013.
Gokhale, A. 2005. Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking. Journal of Technology Education. Vol. 7, No. 1 Fall 2005. Virgilance: The Department of Industrial Education and Technology Illinois State University. (Online), (http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v7n1/gokhale.jtev7n1.html), diakses 14 januari 2011.
Innabi, H. 2003. Aspects of Critical thinking in Classroom Instruction of Secondary School Mathematics Teachers in Jordan. The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project. Proceeding of The International Conference. The Decidable and the Undecidable in Mathematics Education. pp: 124-129. Jordan: Brno, Czech Republic. (Online), (http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project/21brno03Innabi.pdf), diakses 14 maret 2012.
Joyce, B., dkk. 2009. Models of Teaching. Edition. USA: Allyn and Bacon.
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 2013. Kurikulum 2013. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan pengembangan.
King, F. J., & Goodson, L. 2010. Higher Order Thinking Skills. A publication of the Educational Services Program, now known as the Center for Advancement of Learning and Assessment. (Online), (http://www.cala.fsu.edu/files/higherorderthinkingskills.pdf ), diakses 13 april 2013.
Marcut, I. 2005. Critical thinking Applied to the Methodology of Teaching Mathematic. Vol. 1, pp: 57-66. Educatia Matematica. (Online), (http://depmath.ulbsibiu.ro/educamath/em/vol1nr1/marcut/marcut.pdf), diakses september 2012.
Mason, J., Burton, L., & Stacey, K. 2010. Thinking Mathematically. Secon edition. England: Pearson Education Limited. (Online), (http://www.google.com/url.d24), diakses 23 agustus 2013.
Nieveen. N. 2013. Educational Design Research: Netherlands: Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development (SLO). (Online), (http://www.fi.uu.nl/publicaties/literatuur/EducationalDesignResearch.pdf), diakses 14 oktober 2014).
Nurdin, 2007. Model Pembelajaran Matematika yang Menumbuhkan Kemampuan Metakognitif untuk Menguasai Bahan Ajar. Disertasi. Surabaya. PPS UNESA.
Paul, R. & Elder, L. 2005. Critical thinking and the art of substantive writing. (Part I). Journal of Developmental Education. 29 (1). 40-41. (Online), (http://www.ucumberlands.edu/qep/articles.htm), diakses 21 agustus 2012.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. 2008. Ideas to Action: Using Critical Thinking to Foster Student Learning and Community Engangement. Journal of Developmental Education. (Online), (https://louisville.edu/ideastoaction/-/files/final-report.pdf), diakses 28 nopember 2012.
Plomp, T. 2013. Educational Design Research. Netherlands: Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development (SLO). (Online), (http://www.fi.uu.nl/publicaties/literatuur/EducationalDesignResearch.pdf), diakses 14 september 2014).
Rantzer A., Christopher, I., & Byrnes, C. (eds.). 2003. Directions in Mathematical Systems Theory and Optimization. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork: Springer. (Online), (http://nozdr.ru/data/media/biblioteka/kolxo3/MMathematics/MOc.pdf), diakses 14 maret 2013.
Reys, R. E. & Lindquist, M. 2013. Helping Children Learn Mathematics, First Australian Edition. Australian. (Online), (http://www.wileydirect.com.au/buy/helpingchildrenlearnmathematics1staustralianedition/), diakses 15 september 2014.
Ruggiero, V. R. 2012. Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Ninth Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (On line), (http://www.kwcps.k12.va.us/userfiles/270/Classes/4893/VRRuggieroBeyondFeelings9thedition.pdf). diakses 29 Januari 2015.
Stacey K. 2013. Mathematical Thinking: A Capabilities Approach to What is, How to Measure it, and Research Possibilities. Makala yang disajikan di Konfrensi Pendidikan Matematika ke 5, tanggal 27-30 juli 2013, di Universitas Negeri Malang.
Watson, G. & Glazer, E. M. 2008. Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. United States of America. Pearson Education. (Online), (http://www.talentlens.co.uk/assets/newsandevents/watsonglaseruserguideandtechnicalmanual.pdf), diakses 19 januari 2013.
Williams, L & Dickincon, H. 2012. Can Knowledge Management Enhance Technology Adoption in Healthcare. A Review of the literature. Evidence and Policy. Vol. 6. No. 3. 309332. The Policy Press. (Online), (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK259893), diakses 25 mei 2013.